Mapping transmission risk: Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Human health
Agriculture
Climate change
Author

Margot Schneider & Olivia Torresan

Published

May 15, 2022

Citation

Furlong, M., Adamu, A. M., Hoskins, A., Russell, T. L., Gummow, B., Golchin, M., Hickson, R. I., & Horwood, P. F. (2023) Japanese Encephalitis Enzootic and Epidemic Risks across Australia. Viruses https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020450

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Microfossils are the smallest fossils: hence their name. They occur when the microscopic components of an animal, fungi or plant are preserved in their base material rather than an entire organism. As their whole, they are just as valuable in determining the age and environmental characteristics of fossil sites. Since they are so small, however, the most common way to extract and analyse them is by using a compatible acid - dissolving rock and leaving the fossil intact.

In some cases, though, this method does not work. If the rock matrix and the fossils are compositionally similar, the choice of acid is likely to degrade the fossil or reduce its quality. Djokic and others (2023) found themselves with this problem when analysing new microfossils from McGrath’s Flat near Gulgong in the Central Tablelands (NSW).

Analysing images of microfossils is an incredibly time & resource-consuming feat. A professional scientist usually needs around six hours to locate & image fifty microfossils (let alone analyse them). Citizen scientists were able to use images hosted by Atlas of Living Australia’s online volunteering platform DigiVol to analyse and process three times this amount per day.

Over 250 citizen scientists helped view 25,000+ images resulting in the identification and aging of 300 pollen and spore specimens.